THC · since 2008

THC: what it is and what changes the effect

THC is the cannabinoid that produces the high. How strong that is, how quickly it arrives and how long it lasts depend far more on the format and the dose than on the percentage printed on the package. Start with what each format does, then read the lab report.

Skeletal structure of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: three fused rings including a pyran ring containing oxygen, with a hydroxyl group and a pentyl tail
Drawn to scale from the structural formula. Every corner is a carbon.

Same formula as CBD

C21H30O2

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

The cannabinoid responsible for the high. Three fused rings, one of them built around an oxygen atom, with a hydroxyl and the same five-carbon tail.

Its isomer CBD has the identical formula. In CBD that oxygen is still an open hydroxyl and there is no third ring. One bond apart, and nothing alike in what they do.

See CBD side by side

Same formula. One bond apart.

Both molecules are C21H30O2 — twenty-one carbons, thirty hydrogens, two oxygens, in both cases. What differs is where one of those oxygens ended up.

Skeletal structure of cannabidiol: two rings joined by a single bond, with two hydroxyl groups and a pentyl tail
CBD — two rings, joined by a single bond. Both oxygens are still open hydroxyls on the flat ring. Nothing has closed.
Skeletal structure of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: three fused rings including a pyran ring containing oxygen, with a hydroxyl group and a pentyl tail
THC — three rings. One of those oxygens has reached across and bonded to the other ring, closing a new one between them.

That closure is the whole difference. Both still carry the same five-carbon pentyl tail on the right, and the same aromatic ring it hangs off. Read either page for what each one does.

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THC, explained

THC is the cannabinoid that produces the high. How strong that is, how quickly it arrives and how long it lasts depend far more on the format and the dose than on the percentage printed on the package. Start with what each format does, then learn to read the lab report, then choose.

What THC is

Tetrahydrocannabinol is the main intoxicating compound in cannabis. It is what a strain's potency number measures, what a cartridge's percentage refers to and what an edible's milligram count is counting. It is also the reason cannabis is regulated the way it is: legality depends on where you are, and the rules for THC products differ from state to state.

Format changes everything

The same amount of THC behaves very differently depending on how it gets into you. Inhaled, it reaches you within minutes and fades within a few hours. Eaten, it is processed by the liver first, arrives more slowly, often feels stronger and lasts considerably longer. The number of people who took a second edible because the first one had not worked yet is the reason every edible guide says wait.

FormatTypical onsetTypical durationDose control
Flower, vaporized or smokedMinutes1 to 3 hoursDraw by draw
Cartridge or vape juiceMinutes1 to 3 hoursDraw by draw
Edible30 minutes to 2 hours4 to 8 hoursFixed per piece
Tincture, under the tongue15 to 45 minutes2 to 4 hoursBy the dropper

These are typical reported ranges for each format, not promises. Body weight, tolerance, what you have eaten and the product itself all move them.

Reading a lab report

  • Potency. Total THC, and whether the number is by weight or per serving.
  • Contaminants. Pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents and microbes, each listed as tested and passed, not simply missing from the page.
  • Batch and date. A report that matches the batch on your package, from this year, not a generic one on the website.

Where to start

If you are choosing between cartridges, the cartridge pages explain what separates a good one from a leaky one. If you are new to edibles, start with the smallest labelled serving and wait. If a strain name is what you are holding, the strain profiles say what its numbers and terpenes actually predict.

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